So what's actually causing your back to hurt? There are plenty of reasons for lower back pain, and figuring out the cause is the first step to feeling better.
Common lower back pain causes
Most people develop back problems from everyday life rather than serious medical conditions. Here are the most frequent culprits:
- Muscle strain: Probably the most common cause – lifting something heavy, twisting awkwardly, or even just gardening too enthusiastically can strain your back muscles.
- Herniated disc: Sometimes called a "slipped disc," this happens when the cushiony disc between your vertebrae bulges out and irritates nearby nerves. This often causes that shooting pain down your leg called sciatica.
- Arthritis: As we get older, the joints in our spine can develop osteoarthritis, causing stiffness and pain in the lumbar spine.
- Spinal stenosis: This is when the space around your spinal cord narrows, putting pressure on nerves. People often feel this pain more when walking.
- Postural problems: Slouching at your desk all day isn't doing your back any favors. Poor posture puts extra stress on your spine.
- Sacroiliac joint issues: The sacroiliac joint connects your spine to your pelvis, and when it gets inflamed or stuck, it can cause significant lower back pain.
- Facet joint pain: The small joints that connect each vertebra can become painful, especially when bending backward.
Your doctor might describe your condition as "mechanical low back pain" – that's just a fancy way of saying your pain comes from how the spine moves and the stress put on it rather than from disease or serious structural problems.
For many people with no obvious injury, doctors might diagnose "non-specific back pain." That sounds vague, but it just means they can't pinpoint one exact structure causing the problem. The good news is this type usually improves with proper care.
Understanding what's causing your pain is crucial for finding the right treatment – whether it's rest, specific exercises, or seeking professional help.